Stoicism is an ancient philosophy that teaches us how to live a fulfilling and meaningful life by focusing on what we can control and accepting what we can’t. It’s about finding peace and contentment by aligning our actions with reason, virtue, and the natural order of things. Stoicism isn’t about suppressing emotions but about managing them in a way that leads to a better life.
The Origins of Stoicism
Stoicism began in Athens around 300 BCE, founded by Zeno of Citium. The philosophy got its name from the Stoa Poikile, a painted porch where Zeno and his followers would meet to discuss ideas. Over time, Stoicism evolved, with notable figures like Epictetus, Seneca, and the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius contributing to its teachings.
Key Principles of Stoicism
- Focus on What You Can Control: Stoicism teaches that we should focus on our own actions, thoughts, and reactions because these are within our control. Things like other people’s opinions, natural events, or past outcomes are beyond our control. By focusing on what we can control and letting go of what we can’t, we can reduce stress and lead a more peaceful life.
- Live in Accordance with Nature: Stoics believe that we should live in harmony with the natural world and accept things as they are, not as we wish them to be. This means understanding the world and our place in it, and living according to our nature as rational beings.
- Practice Virtue: Virtue, in Stoicism, is about living a life of moral excellence. The Stoics identified four main virtues: wisdom (knowing what is good and bad), courage (facing challenges with strength), justice (treating others fairly), and temperance (practicing self-control). Living virtuously is key to living a good life.
- Accept Fate: Stoicism teaches that we should accept whatever happens with calmness and composure. This doesn’t mean we should be passive, but rather that we should respond to life’s challenges with understanding and resilience, knowing that some things are simply beyond our control.